O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma reflexão a respeito da leitura feita por Carl Schmitt dos intelectuais católicos como filósofos de Estado da contrarrevolução. Pontualmente, o trabalho concentra-se na relação estabelecida por Carl Schmitt entre Teologia Política e Constituição, a partir da análise das reflexões De Maistre e De Bonald, em especial no que diz respeito a leitura teológico-política de categorias centrais da teoria da constituição, como, por exemplo, a questão do poder constituinte e da constituição da ordem, uma (...) reflexão crítica de tais categorias não para restaurar a monarquia, mas, sim, apontando para a defesa da ditadura. Assim, partindo de um método hermenêutico, foram analisados os textos de bibliografia primária e, doravante, obras outras de interlocutores, bem como outros autores que se dedicaram ao problema em análise. (shrink)

O processo de institucionalização da Pediatria na Bahia deu-se com a criação da cátedra na Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Todas as ações decisivas foram movidas pelos professores da disciplina na faculdade, criando instituições filantrópicas de assistência à saúde da infância, desenvolvendo pesquisa, divulgando conhecimento. É sobre a trajetória de um desses personagens que o presente artigo irá se debruçar. Martagão Gesteira, titular da ‘Clínica Pediátrica e Higiene Infantil’, fundador da Liga Bahiana Contra a Mortalidade Infantil e da Sociedade de (...) Pediatria da Bahia, teve uma atuação importante no estado para consolidação da Pediatria enquanto campo científico. (shrink)

Therapeutic strategies capable of inducing and enhancing prosthesis embodiment are a key point for better adaptation to and acceptance of prosthetic limbs. In this study, we developed a training protocol using an EMG-based human-machine interface that was applied in the preprosthetic rehabilitation phase of people with amputation. This is a case series with the objective of evaluating the induction and enhancement of the embodiment of a virtual prosthesis. Six men and a woman with unilateral transfemoral traumatic amputation without previous use (...) of prostheses participated in the study. Participants performed a training protocol with the EMG-based HMI, composed of six sessions held twice a week, each lasting 30 mins. This system consisted of myoelectric control of the movements of a virtual prosthesis immersed in a 3D virtual environment. Additionally, vibrotactile stimuli were provided on the participant’s back corresponding to the movements performed. Embodiment was investigated from the following set of measurements: skin conductance response, crossmodal congruency effect, ability to control the virtual prosthesis, and reports before and after the training. The increase in the skin conductance response in conditions where the virtual prosthesis was threatened, recalibration of the peripersonal space perception identified by the crossmodal congruency effect, ability to control the virtual prosthesis, and participant reports consistently showed the induction and enhancement of virtual prosthesis embodiment. Therefore, this protocol using EMG-based HMI was shown to be a viable option to achieve and enhance the embodiment of a virtual prosthetic limb. (shrink)

O presente Trabalho de Conclusão de Residência multidisciplinar em Saúde possui o objetivo de conhecer a percepção e a prática de profissionais médicos, atuantes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), no que concerne aos Cuidados Paliativos (CP) na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Os seis profissionais desta amostra estão vinculados a ESF de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) localizada em Canoas/RS. O estudo possuimetodologia de natureza qualitativa e abordagem descritiva. O referencial teórico utiliza-se de áreas da psicologia da (...) saúde, medicina paliativa, e do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os resultados apontam para necessidade de incluir nas práticas de CP dimensões subjetivas no cuidado e a interdisciplinaridade como método de trabalho. Ademais, identificaram-se lacunas referentes acapacitações e formações especificas em CP, sobrecarga de trabalho e insatisfação profissional. Essa pesquisa pretende ampliar a discussão dos muitos desafios éticos a serem vencidos na APS, referente aos CP. (shrink)

A Filosofia Renascentista muitas vezes é desprezada no estudo filosófico; no entanto, essa fase da história merece destaque em razão do surgimento do humanismo, movimento intelectual que enaltece a figura humana. A centralização do homem no mundo é tratada nas obras de Giovanni Pico della Mirandola e Blaise Pascal, filósofos em destaque nesta sucinta pesquisa.

El involucramiento del Estado en la producción de políticas de memoria durante los gobiernos kirchneristas (2003-2015) fue objeto de fuertes polémicas. Nos proponemos abordar este proceso considerando los perfiles, prácticas y lógicas de identificación de los “trabajadores de la memoria”, es decir los agentes estatales que tuvieron a su cargo el desarrollo de un conjunto de las políticas de memoria que se implementaron: ¿cuáles eran sus trayectorias? ¿Cómo entendieron su quehacer específico en relación con la memoria? ¿De qué saberes, narraciones (...) y /o recursos simbólicos se sirvieron? Utilizando una metodología cualitativa, veremos cómo se anudaron, a lo largo de todo el período, un modo de habitar las agencias estatales signado por el “compromiso militante”, una causa —entendida como la demanda por “memoria, verdad y justicia”— y una identidad política anclada en el kirchnerismo, con sus respectivos marcos de interpretación del pasado. (shrink)

This qualitative case study examines early career social studies educators’ knowledge of the role of emotion in teaching and learning. More specifically, we examine how our efforts to expand social studies educators’ understanding of emotion, shifted their perception of the role of emotion in learning social studies content and how they can use this knowledge to plan instruction. Prior to beginning their “emotion education,” all participants described the role of emotion in teaching and learning as important for relationship-building and as (...) something to be carefully managed. They focused their efforts in the classroom on creating a welcoming environment for their students and managing their students’ emotions. Though they described their classrooms as emotional spaces, none had explicitly considered the role of emotion in learning content.As they learned about the role of emotion in cognitive processes like memory and problem-solving, participants began to recognize the need to rethink their pedagogical choices. However, none of the participants embraced or accepted an expanded view of emotions as social and political forces. Reluctant to consider how emotions shape our identities, our communities and our politics, these social studies educators did not meaningfully engage in a critical examination of how social studies curriculum can contribute to “schooling” students’ emotions. Findings from this initial study suggest it is important to engage social studies educators in critical awareness of their own emotions and critical examination of what emotions “do” in the world and how the social studies content we teach can contribute to the “schooling” of our students’ emotions. (shrink)

Los desafiantes cambios han impactado el aprendizaje, creando la necesidad de nuevas formas de aprender, como el aprendizaje autorregulado. Este enfoque facilita el desarrollo de competencias al fomentar la metacognición y el aprender a aprender. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar investigaciones sobre el tema para extraer sus contribuciones. Se utilizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa, realizando búsquedas de artículos en Scopus, WOS y PubMed, tanto en inglés como en español, y se seleccionaron 30 documentos. Se evidenció que el aprendizaje (...) autorregulado contribuye de manera integral y significativa al logro de competencias, analizado a través de sus dimensiones cognitiva, metacognitiva, afectivo-emocional, relacional-social y ética. (shrink)

La llegada del covid-19 a Chile generó un gran cambio en la educación, se implementaron medidas estrictas de confinamiento la cual obligó a la educación presencial ir de manera virtual. La finalidad de este estudio es mostrar la percepción del estudiantado del programa Bachillerato en Ciencias de la Universidad Santo Tomás frente al proceso educativo virtual que se llevo a cabo en los años 2020-21. Se utilizó un cuestionario de tipo cualitativo, con 32 preguntas. Los resultados muestran que la educación (...) virtual en tiempos de pandemia, genero diversos factores de stress, problemas de conectividad, acceso a tecnologías y falta de aprendizaje. (shrink)

L’article interroge l’identité en situation, c’est-à-dire la manière de faire face aux moments historiques en cours en Afrique. La situation précoloniale des sociétés africaines, la colonisation responsable de la crise identitaire des États africains, les Indépendances, la phase post-coloniale qui est celle de l’État moderne, donnent à comprendre qu’il existe maintes approches de l’identité en fonction des réalités socio-historiques de l’Afrique. Citons la négritude comme expression de l’identité nègre, le panafricanisme comme fédération des États africains, l’africanologie comme une didactique de (...) l’Afrique, enfin la promotion de valeurs éthiques transversales. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the widespread use of online hearings in arbitral proceedings, raising questions about the impact of such proceedings on the determination of facts underlying a dispute. This article explores the extent to which online hearings may hinder arbitrators’ ability to assess witness credibility by drawing upon the cognitive psychology literature on truthfulness determination and lie detection. A survey of the literature suggests that the ability to differentiate truthful from dishonest statements through verbal and nonverbal cues (...) is limited, leading to the notion that observing behaviors like fidgeting, gaze aversion, vocal pitch, or body posture is not particularly relevant in assessing the credibility of a witness. Instead, focusing on the content of what is reported appears to be the most relevant strategy to determine credibility. Therefore, research does not support the idea that face-to-face contact with witnesses is essential to determine the facts of a dispute. Still, the use of in-person hearings may, in practice, continue to be preferred due to underlying cultural assumptions regarding the nature of hearings, the facilitation of communication between parties, counsel, and the tribunal, and a general sense of _Zoom fatigue_. (shrink)

O presente ensaio visa apresentar de forma breve e modesta uma introdução à filosofia da mente, deste modo, abordaremos os seguintes tópicos: I) a relevância e a contribuição do dualismo para a filosofia da mente, posteriormente surgindo a reflexão sobre mente-cérebro; e, finalmente, II) o argumento do zumbi filosófico. A partir desta apresentação conclui-se que os tópicos levantados sobre a relevância do dualismo para a filosofia da mente e debate em torno do argumento do zumbi filosófico contribua para a inquietação (...) e investigação sobre a mente. (shrink)

This essay presupposes that Friedrich Nietzsche and Rudolf Carnap champion contrasting reactions to the fact that, throughout history, persons have been engaged in metaphysical disputes. Nietzsche embraces a libertarian reaction that is in agreement with his anti-democratic aristocratic political views, whereas Carnap endorses an egalitarian reaction aligned with his democratic and socialist political views. After characterizing these reactions, the essay argues for two claims. The first claim is that the stated contrasting reactions are to be considered, not only by the (...) few scholars who are interested both in Nietzsche’s and Carnap’s writings, but by a far larger group that includes those who have addressed the continental-analytic gap; those who are concerned with the development of contemporary philosophy; and/or those who are interested in the writings of Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, David Lewis and/or Peter van Inwagen. The second claim is that we have to entertain a synthesis of Nietzsche’s libertarian and Carnap’s egalitarian reaction in order to overcome the continental-analytic gap. (shrink)

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa a composição étnico-racial dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros da área de filosofia. O propósito é identificar as características gerais da área e analisar os dados disponíveis sobre as declarações de cor/raça em seus mestrados e doutorados. Espera-se que essas análises sejam úteis para a discussão e proposição de ações afirmativas em tais programas. O resultado obtido evidenciou que negros estão largamente sub-representados na pós-graduação em filosofia. Com efeito, a área é atualmente entre as humanidades a (...) de maior concentração de estudantes declarados brancos. Isto posto, o estudo especula possíveis causas e consequências dessa situação, procurando encontrar caminhos para o enfrentamento efetivo do racismo acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Desigualdades Raciais; Perfil Discente; Racismo Acadêmico. Black People in Philosophy Graduate Programs in Brazil Abstract: The present paper analyzes the ethnic-racial composition of Brazilian graduate programs in the field of philosophy. Its purpose is to identify the general characteristics of the field, and to analyze the available data on color/race in its master’s and doctoral programs. It is hoped that these analyzes will be useful for the discussion and proposition of affirmative actions in such programs. The result obtained showed that blacks are largely underrepresented in Brazilian philosophy graduate schools. Indeed, the field is currently the one with the highest concentration of students declared to be white among all the human sciences in Brazil. With that being said, the study speculates on possible causes and consequences of that situation, seeking to find ways to effectively confront academic racism. Keywords: Racial Inequalities; Student Profile; Academic Racism. Schwarze Menschen an Graduiertenprogrammen für Philosophie in Brasilien Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die ethnisch-rassische Zusammensetzung brasilianischer Graduiertenprogramme im Bereich Philosophie. Sein Zweck ist es, die allgemeinen Merkmale des Fachgebiets zu identifizieren und die verfügbaren Daten zu Farbe/Rasse in seinen Master- und Doktoratsprogrammen zu analysieren. Es ist zu hoffen, dass diese Analysen für die Diskussion und den Vorschlag von Maßnahmen positiver Diskriminierung in solchen Programmen nützlich sein werden. Das hier erreichte Ergebnis zeigte, dass Schwarze in den brasilianischen Graduiertenkollegs stark unterrepräsentiert sind. In der Tat ist das Fachgebiet derzeit dasjenige unter allen Humanwissenschaften in Brasilien mit der höchsten Konzentration von Studenten, die als weiß deklariert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund spekuliert diese Studie über mögliche Ursachen und Folgen dieser Situation und versucht, Wege zu finden, um akademischem Rassismus wirksam entgegenzutreten. Schlüsselwörter: Rassenungleichheiten; Studierendenprofil; Akademischer Rassismus. Data de registro: 16/06/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

This essay focuses on the similarities between Nietzsche’s and Carnap’s views on metaphysics, without ignoring their obvious differences. The essay argues that Nietzsche and Carnap endorse but interpret differently an overcoming metametaphysics characterized by the conjunction of the following three claims: an overcoming of metaphysics ought to be performed; this overcoming is to be performed by adopting a method of linguistic analysis that is suspicious of the metaphysical use of language and that interprets such use through a different use of (...) language which aims to avoid metaphysics; and this overcoming contributes to the political task of resisting “diseased” metaphysical practices and promoting “healthy” non-metaphysical practices. (shrink)

Dissertação: MOREIRA, Júnio dos Reis. Aqui se tropeça em Igreja: estudo sobre a relação entre as Igrejas evangélicas do Capelinha, modernidade e secularização à luz da sociologia da religião de Danièle Hervieu-Léger. 2014. Dissertação , Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.

The article analyzes Heidegger's critique of Aristotle's bipartite approach to being and entities in the genesis of Western metaphysics. Heidegger challenges Aristotle's analysis, arguing that the integration of entities as a whole and particular entities in physis led to a disregard for ontological difference. The German philosopher proposed that the bifurcation of being resulted in the metaphysical tradition becoming an "ontotheology." In contrast, Heidegger, through phenomenological hermeneutics, reintroduced the question of being, emphasizing the understanding of beings through the pre-logical way (...) Dasein exists in the world, without relying on an eternal and immutable foundation. (shrink)

In this article, we argue that contemporary biomedicine is shaped by two, seemingly incommensurable, organizational logics, the ‘regime of truth’ and the ‘regime of hope’. We articulate their features by drawing on debates sparked by the recent clinical trial of a new approach to the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. We also argue that the ‘self’ is configured in the very same process whereby these two organizational logics interlock and become mutually dependent, so that the ‘self’ might be said to be (...) the effect of a ‘parasitic’ relationship between the regimes of ‘truth’ and ‘hope’. We then bring these two arguments to bear on the contrasting views of the relationship between embodiment and political subjectivity articulated by Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, on the one hand, and Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose, on the other hand. (shrink)

There are a number of agricultural farming practices that are controversial. These may include using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, and planting genetically modified crops, as well as the decision to dehorn cattle rather than raise polled cattle breeds. We use data from a survey of Missouri crop and livestock producers to determine whether a farmer’s ethical framework affects his or her decision to engage in these practices. We find that a plurality of farmers prefer an agricultural policy that reflects (...) principles based on rights rather than principles of utilitarianism or justice. Furthermore, after controlling for personal and farm characteristics, we find a positive correlation between farmers preferring a rights-based policy and a farmer’s use of chemical farm inputs and polled rather than horned cattle. We also find that a combination of ethical framework and farm and farmer characteristics correlate with decisions to use farm chemicals, while only farm and farmer characteristics affect the decision to plant GM crops and only a farmer’s ethical framework affects the decision to use polled cattle. (shrink)

This paper presents the relationship between pedagogical content knowledge and political/ideological clarity as a framework for understanding the nuanced interpretations and applications of critical social studies pedagogy and practice. Using a qualitative case study research design, this study explores the decision-making process of two novice social studies teachers as they decide if and how to utilize critical historical inquiry within their classrooms. Findings indicate that teachers’ use of critical historical inquiry is informed by their subject area consciousness and political and (...) ideological clarity which is cultivated through personal, schooling, and communal experiences. However, we also find that a teacher's pedagogy is significantly strengthened when political and ideological clarity are coupled with pedagogical content knowledge to ensure a more developed enactment of critical historical inquiry is reached within the social studies classroom. (shrink)

DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO MOREIRA, Ubiratan Nunes. Dizer profético e Eleição : a hermenêutica da religião como ética em Emmanuel Lévinas. 2012. 136 folhas. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.

In _Uncanny Rest_ Alberto Moreiras offers a meditation on intellectual life under the suspension of time and conditions of isolation. Focusing on his personal day-to-day experiences of the “shelter-in-place” period during the first months of the coronavirus pandemic, Moreiras engages with the limits and possibilities of critical thought in the realm of the infrapolitical—the conditions of existence that exceed average understandings of politics and philosophy. In each dated entry he works through the process of formulating a life’s worth of thought (...) and writing while attempting to locate the nature of thought once the coordinates of everyday life have changed. Offering nothing less than a phenomenology of thinking, Moreiras shows how thought happens in and out of a life, at a certain crossroads where memories collide, where conversations with interlocutors both living and dead evolve and thinking during a suspended state becomes provisional and uncertain. (shrink)

This article inspects Peirce’s resonances on Deleuze’s semiotic. Whereas most of the literature agrees that Deleuze adapts Peirce’s semiotic to serve his Bergsonian-based theory of sign, this article claims that the relationship of Deleuze with Peirce’s writings is more foliated than it may appear at first. The development of this hypothesis invites to trace back Deleuze’s works before his very acquaintance with Peirce in the 1980s. Therefore, one of Peirce’s classical issues – the role that relations and habits play for (...) the triadic conception of sign – is considered with Deleuze’s early studies, in which he developed this same issue as to approach Hume and Proust. This background echoes years later in Deleuze’s incursion to Peirce’s semiotic in the 1980s ninety-two classes and two books on cinema. In fact, Deleuze’s own triadic conception of sign and his acknowledged pragmatist inclination prove to be closer to Peirce’s pragmatism than the scholarly literature tends to think or argue. The aim of this article is not, however, to build an overwhelming philosophical identity between Deleuze and Peirce, it sets up instead a steadier basis from where to understand their differences. Deleuze’s ignored five-year long lectures on cinema shows to be exegetically revealing with respect to his debts towards Peirce. (shrink)

In this article, I investigate the process of coordination between three ‘bodies’ of surgery: the patient-ensemble(s) constructed in pre-operative activities; the surgeon-body constructed with these ensembles in the operating room; and the body-world inhabited by the surgeon. This investigation is done through an ethnography of a neurosurgical clinic, with an analytical focus on the relationship between the spatial configuration of the body of the surgeon and the embodied practices of operating that this configuration demands. My argument is that coordination between (...) those three bodies is organized in the layered space into which the multiple ensembles of surgery are assembled. This relationship, I suggest, lies at the core of the power and technical expertise held by surgeons, and constitutes a challenge for explorations of other forms of articulation between subject body-worlds and the embodiment of power in subject-bodies. (shrink)

This article discusses how to deal with the relations between different cultural perspectives in classrooms, based on a proposal for considering understanding and knowledge as goals of science education, inspired by Dewey’s naturalistic humanism. It thus combines educational and philosophical interests. In educational terms, our concerns relate to how science teachers position themselves in multicultural classrooms. In philosophical terms, we are interested in discussing the relations between belief, understanding, and knowledge under the light of Dewey’s philosophy. We present a synthesis (...) of Dewey’s theory of inquiry through his naturalistic humanism and discuss its implications for the concepts of belief, understanding, and knowledge, as well as for the goals of science teaching. In particular, we highlight problems arising in the context of possible conflicts between scientific and religious claims in the school environment that result from totalitarian positions. We characterize an individual’s position as totalitarian if he or she takes some way of thinking as the only one capable of expressing the truth about all that exists in the world, lacks open-mindedness to understand different interpretative perspectives, and attempts to impose her or his interpretation about the facts to others by violent means or not. From this stance, any other perspective is taken to be false a priori and, accordingly, as a putative target to be suppressed or adapted to the privileged way of thinking. We argue, instead, for a more fallibilist evaluation of our own beliefs and a more respectful appraisal of the diversity of students’ beliefs by both students and teachers. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta o conceito de virtude de Alasdair MacIntyre em Depois da Virtude (1981), através de uma análise crítica dos três estágios conceituais do desenvolvimento lógico das virtudes propostos pelo autor (práticas, unidade narrativa da vida humana e tradição), assim como pondera acerca da acusação de relativismo direcionada à sua teoria.

The personal is not political, even if politics marks it and, in many cases, determines it. Infrapolitics seeks to understand conditions of existence that are not reducible to political life and that exceed any definition of world bound to political determinations. It seeks to mobilize an exteriority without which politics could only be business or administration, that is, oppression. It demands a change in seeing and an everyday practice that subtracts from political totalization in the name of a new production (...) of desire, of a new emancipation, and of a conception of experience that can breach the general captivation of life. In this book, Alberto Moreiras describes a form of thought aiming to provide content for a form of life and to offer a new theoretical practice for concrete existence. The book provides a genealogy of the notion of infrapolitics and places it within contemporary philosophical reflection, examining its deployment in the wake of postphenomenology and deconstruction, Lacanian analysis, the principle of anarchy, and an egalitarian symbolization of social life. In doing so, Moreiras elaborates Infrapolitics as both a general critique of the political apparatus and as an imperative horizon for existential self-understanding. (shrink)

Nesta obra, Patrick J. Geary, professor emérito de História na Universidade da Califórnia, que dedicou a sua vida académica ao estudo da História Medieval, apresenta-nos as suas “reflexões sobre a relação entre os mitos dos povos europeus e as realidades do nacionalismo contemporâneo” (p. 7). A narrativa que Patrick J. Geary nos oferece tem um objectivo claro e assumido: desmontar os mitos nacionalistas e contribuir para a prevenção do seu reaparecimento e/ou fortalecimento. Esta obra acaba p...

Due to the advent of modern neuroscience, several scientific disciplines have developed entirely new theories, perspectives, and methodologies. The substantial advances and discoveries made in this field over the last decades, especially those concerned with human cognition and behavior, have steered the course of many traditional research areas and given rise to others, like neuroethics and neurolaw. Here we take a look at some of the general characteristics of the growing field of neurolaw, an interdisciplinary field that dwells on the (...) intersection of law and neuroscience. We then discuss the neuroscience of free will, one of the most impacting and pressing topics in the neurolaw debate, with special attention to Libet’s paradigm, recent scientific developments, and novel interpretations that question customary assumptions about it. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article1 reports an ongoing experience involving the application of research to teaching that articulates various disciplines and curricular contexts within a Post-graduate Program in Literature and Literary Criticism. Through the use of active teaching-learning methodologies and digital information and communication technologies, we seek to put some core dilemmas of literary studies into dialogue with notions and practices of open science. Throughout this process, we laid the groundwork for a digital platform that would bring together the results of research (...) developed in the context of these various disciplines and make them readily available to their respective audiences and sociocultural territories. By raising awareness concerning the social impact of the program’s research, this report should prompt reflection on how to foster articulation between heterogeneous academic and social contexts, both within the classroom connected to other environments and in open scientific productions, accessible to different audiences. (shrink)

In this article, I present a five-part critique of the main aspects of the second edition of Music Matters by David Elliott and Marissa Silverman. This edition further develops their praxial philosophy, comprising topics on the nature and value of music education from a normative perspective, which in turn is developed to suit all musical education contexts. My analysis is organized in five main arguments concerning, first, an absence of historicity; second, the adoption of universalist premises; third, the inconsistency between (...) the concepts of personhood and musical value; fourth, the adoption of a normative philosophy; and fifth, the relation between synthesis and content in the chapters. I argue that the book is constructed from a universalistic perspective and that its premises have epistemological inconsistencies. I offer a critical analysis of this extensive work for the purpose of engaging in a dialogue about themes which are relevant to the further development of philosophical thought in music education. (shrink)

Na obra política de Maquiavel, o poder aparece sempre associado à capacidade de produzir ordenações e, consequentemente, comportamentos coletivos, isto é, tem poder aquele que tem “autoridade” (autorità). O secretário florentino, através da descrição do processo de construção da autoridade pelo aumento da reputação(O Príncipe, IX, 3), parece delinear uma certa forma de poder que se funda sobre a opinião pública a respeito dos indivíduos e não sobre as leis e ordenações políticas. O reconhecimento da autoridade – a reputação – (...) pode ser interpretado, então, como uma espécie de poder não-jurídico, construído sobre a opinião que os indivíduos têm das ações uns dos outros. (shrink)

A procura da evidência acompanha todo o esforço de veridição e constitui a forma prínceps da inteligibilidade. A via cartesiana da modernidade reforçou o papel da evidência como critério fundamental da verdade apodíctica. No entanto, a investigação sobre o quadro geral da evidência, os seus operadores e obscuridades é muito recente, devendo-se a Fernando Gil o contributo decisivo. O Tratado da Evidência (1993) e Modos da Evidência (1998) inauguram um programa de investigação, cuja fecundidade...

O presente artigo pretende analisar a crítica de Arthur Schopenhauer à postulação da liberdade da vontade como a condição de possibilidade da imputabilidade jurídica. Segundo o filósofo, uma vontade intelectualmente determinável, e não uma vontade incondicionada, é que seria o verdadeiro elemento viabilizador da imputação estatal, com a conclusão de que é com o potencial de modificação do agente, e não com a culpabilidade que a sociedade e o Estado devem se preocupar. Isso significa que, no entender de Schopenhauer, uma (...) concepção alternativa e determinista como a sua, ao contrário do que normalmente se diz, não compromete a imputabilidade, antes, potencializa-a, razão pela qual não há o que temer. (shrink)

This article analyzes the work and thought of Lélia Gonzalez on the experience of Black women in Brazil. It highlights her legacy within studies of Black Feminism in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the importance of her articulation between sex, class, and race with the intention of understanding the social inequality Indigenous and Black women suffer. Gonzalez's political-cultural category of Amefricanity is presented in this article as an instrument of analysis specific to the region, which promotes an (...) epistemological shift within Black feminism. This category seeks to interpret the stories and survival strategies of previous generations of Black women on the continent, as well as to learn their methods and transgressive practices of asymmetrical power relations as pedagogical processes. (shrink)

O artigo elenca os elementos que demarcaram o iluminismo e suas influências na educação a partir do século XVIII. O estudo visa responder: o que foi o século das luzes e quais as suas contribuições para a educação? Como instrumento da coleta de dados priorizou-se o uso de textos em três momentos, a saber: primeiro - dos tipos “resposta à pergunta o que é o Esclarecimento?; segundo - análises sobre o pensamento rousseauniano a partir dos textos “Emílio ou da educação” (...) e “Projeto de Educação” nas abordagens de Rousseau para suscitar debates sobre a educação humanista fundamentada na vivência do Contrato Social e nos fundamentos de uma educação para a sensibilidade do sujeito moderno; terceiro - discutir o legado das ideias iluministas no processo educacional na realidade brasileira. (shrink)

O conceito de “acontecimento” foi desenvolvido para o domínio epistemológico da história por P. Veyne, no intuito de ativar determinados problemas foucaultianos que indicavam a estrita ligação entre o trabalho historiográfico e o trabalho filosófico. A definição deste conceito poderia ser aprofundada se fosse extraído do domínio epistemológico para o qual fora elaborado e levado a uma dimensão mais abrangente. Vislumbra-se tal possibilidade a partir da articulação do referido conceito a determinadas injunções do pensamento de Deleuze, particularmente tendo em vista (...) o conceito deleuzeano de “acontecimento”, em suas implicações ontológicas e éticas. (shrink)

Neste artigo pretendemos discutir o conceito de consciência na perspectiva de John Searle analisando seu pensamento filosófico acerca deste conceito. Para isso, analisamos uma obra de Searle intitulada Consciência e Linguagem, na qual Searle retrata aspectos interessantes sobre a consciência, sobretudo nos três primeiros capítulos. Talvez o grande problema do estudo da consciência seja a tarefa conceitual, pois são vinte cinco séculos de tentativas sem que cheguemos a um conceito “universal” de consciência. Para Searle não é difícil delimitarmos consciência: consciência (...) é o conjunto de estado subjetivos de sensibilidade (sentience) ou ciência (awareness), que se iniciam quando uma pessoa acorda, e que se estendem ao longo do dia. No decorrer das discussões, Searle nos traz um problema, a saber: Como estudar a consciência cientificamente? Com esta indagação, Searle vai retratar o conceito de objetividade cientifica em face do conceito de subjetivo, que é por vezes excluído do estudo cientifico. Assim, entender algumas características da consciência se torna tarefa de suma importância, na medida em que são essenciais para a existência da consciência; estas características são: a subjetividade, a qualidade e a unidade. Claro que concepção de Searle não é universalmente aceita na academia cientifica; entretanto suas indagações nos mostram um caminho “seguro” a partir do qual a ciência pode trilhar um estudo filosófico-cientifico da consciência. (shrink)